Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense significance for India, the world's fifth-largest economy, as it navigates challenges and seeks sustained growth and societal advancement. By 2035, AI is projected to substantially contribute to the Indian economy, potentially boosting its ambitious GDP target. However, AI's impact on global job markets, as highlighted by the International Monetary Fund, is estimated to be significant. Its applications span various sectors such as healthcare, education, agriculture, smart cities, and infrastructure. The government's proactive approach in deploying AI technologies across critical sectors demonstrates a commitment to leveraging innovation for public service enhancements. To ensure responsible AI implementation, principles such as minimizing biases, addressing inequalities, and promoting equitable distribution of benefits are essential, along with encouraging research and establishing centers of excellence dedicated to AI. Additionally, prioritizing digital literacy and scaling AI initiatives, particularly in urban areas, is vital. It is recommended to initially deploy AI in domains with minimal human interaction to mitigate potential risks while ensuring responsible use.

The International Monetary Fund's latest report indicates that AI may influence 40% of jobs globally. Given India's position as the fifth-largest economy, it is crucial to confront challenges and maximize the benefits of AI to maintain long-term growth and enhance societal well-being. Forecasts suggest that by 2035, AI could play a substantial role in bolstering India's economy, aligning with the nation's ambitious GDP objectives.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the capacity of machines to carry out cognitive tasks such as thinking, perceiving, learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of AI that involves machines autonomously learning from data and applying those learnings without human intervention. Deep Learning, a subfield of ML, delves even further into complex learning processes.

• Drawing from past experiences, it acquires knowledge to inform its reasoning processes.
• It possesses the capability to identify and recognize various images accurately.
• In tackling complex problems, it demonstrates adept problem-solving abilities.
• With a deep understanding of language nuances, it can comprehend and interpret diverse linguistic contexts.
• Through its unique capabilities, it generates diverse perspectives on given situations or data.

• Health care
  • AI's role in reducing the distance between patients and doctors: Enhancing remote consultations and telemedicine to improve patient access to medical expertise.
  • Increased access and affordability of quality healthcare: Utilizing AI solutions to address healthcare disparities and optimize resource allocation for cost-effective delivery.
  • Medical imaging and disease recognition: Training AI algorithms to analyze X-rays and MRIs for precise disease detection, improving diagnostic accuracy.
  • Automation of clinical procedures: Implementing AI systems to automate tasks like medical record reviews, streamlining workflows for healthcare professionals' efficiency
  • Precautions necessary while using AI in Healthcare :
    • Sensitivity of patient data in AI training: Ensuring data privacy compliance and implementing robust anonymization techniques during AI model training.
    • Data security risks associated with AI systems: Strengthening cybersecurity measures to prevent data breaches and unauthorized access to patient information.
• Agriculture:
  • Intelligent Crop Planning: Optimized sowing windows based on AI-driven predictive models.
  • Smart and Precision Farming: Pest prediction models to mitigate crop damage
  • Enhanced Supply Chain Management:
    • Integration of fintech solutions for streamlined financial transactions.
    • Demand prediction algorithms for improved price discovery.
  • Surveillance and Monitoring: Implementing AI-driven surveillance systems for farm security.
  • Efficient Labor Management: For instance, utilization of AI-operated kisan drones to reduce labor dependency.
• Chatbot: A chatbot, whether it's a computer program or powered by AI, engages in conversations through audio or text interfaces. There are two main types:
  • Rule-based or scripted chatbots: These operate on predefined rules or decision trees.
    • They follow if-then logic to guide conversations and are limited to answering questions within their defined rules.
    • They are typically created using scripting languages or rule engines.
  • AI-powered chatbots: Examples include ChatGPT, Siri, and Alexa.
    • These bots utilize natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms to understand and respond to human language. Unlike rule-based bots, they have the ability to learn and improve over time through interactions.
    • Human agents often train AI-powered chatbots by providing data and feedback to help them understand and respond to a wide range of conversational inputs.
• Education
  • Adaptive learning tools facilitate customized learning experiences, while also enhancing accessibility and improving the quality of education provided.
• Smart cities and infrastructure
  • Smart homes and AI-driven service delivery: Integrating artificial intelligence into residential environments to automate tasks and enhance service efficiency.
  • Cybersecurity measures: Implementing AI-powered solutions to detect and prevent cyber threats, safeguarding smart city infrastructure and data
• Smart mobility and transportation
  • It involves the implementation of intelligent transportation systems, including safer modes of travel, improved traffic management, and optimised parking solutions.
• Judiciary:
  • SUPACE (Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court's Efficiency): A specialized AI portal aiding judges in legal research to improve efficiency and decision-making in the judicial process
• Banking Sector > AI is utilized to prevent and potentially forecast security breaches, as well as to enhance fraud detection capabilities.
• Vision systems > In law enforcement, computer software is employed to identify the faces of suspects or known criminals by analyzing images or video footage.
• Speech Recognition > AI has advanced to the point where it can accurately interpret various accents, slang terms, and background noise, improving its ability to transcribe spoken language accurately.

• Lack of broad based expertise in research and application of AI.
• Absence of enabling data ecosystems access to intelligent data.
• Correct and verified data is the main requirement of AI
• High resource cost and low awareness for adoption of AI
• Unclear privacy security and ethical regulations: For example -what if an AI based driverless car gets into an accident that causes harm to humans or damages property,who should the court hold liable for the same.
• An attractive intellectual property regime to incentivize research and adoption of AI is necessary
• Usage of AI can lead to loss of traditional jobs

• Legislation: Government has passed the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act which provides clarity about digital governance.
• FutureSkills PRIME: Ministry of Electronics and NASSCOM has launched this for re-skilling/ up-skilling IT professionals in 10 Emerging areas including Artificial Intelligence.
• Government has published the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence which identified five sectors in which AI can meet societal needs -- healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities and infrastructure and transportation
• Responsible AI for youth >For students from Government schools to become AI ready d and reduce skill gap.
• Government has launched ‘National AI Portal’ (INDIAai) which is a repository of AI based initiatives in the country at a single place.
• GPAI: India has joined Global Partnership on AI (GPAI) as a founding member. It is an international and multi-stakeholder initiative to guide the responsible development and use of AI.
• The Government organized Responsible AI for Social Empowerment (RAISE) in 2020, a first-of-its-kind global meeting of minds on Artificial Intelligence to drive India’s vision and roadmap for social transformation, inclusion and empowerment through responsible AI.
• NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India) launched Pai which is AI enabled chatbot to create awareness about FasTag, Rupay, UPI etc
• Budget 2023-24: Government announced that it will set up three centres of excellence (COE) for artificial intelligence (AI) at top educational institutions

The importance of ethical AI implementation is underscored by the imperative to adhere to principles that prioritize minimizing biases, addressing inequalities and discrimination, and ensuring equitable distribution of benefits for all stakeholders. Encouraging core and applied research in AI and establishing centers of excellence (CoE) dedicated to AI are essential steps. Furthermore, promoting digital literacy and scaling AI initiatives, particularly in urban settings, is crucial. It is recommended that AI technologies be initially deployed in domains with limited human interaction to mitigate potential risks and ensure responsible use.