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The Bahmani Sultanate, also known as the Bahmanid Empire or the Bahmani Kingdom, was a Muslim empire in the South Indian Deccan region. It was the first self-governing Muslim empire in the region and was known for its ongoing conflicts with the Hindu rival, Vijayanagara. The Bahmani Sultanate was founded in 1347 by ʿAlaʾ al-Din Bahman Shah and was reinforced by military heads during a revolution against the Delhi sultan, Muhammad ibn Tughluq. The capital of the Bahmani state was Aḥsanabad between 1347 and 1425, later known as Gulbarga and later Muhammadabad (now Bidar). The Bahmani Sultanate gained the most influence during the vizierate of Mahmud Gawan between 1466 and 81. The Bahmani Kingdom was later divided into five inheritor states, with Vijayanagara becoming the capital after the war of Talikota.
The Bahmani kingdom, the first Muslim state, was ruled by 14 sultans for over two centuries. The political and radical control of the sultans was simplified through joint commissions and noninterference among religious societies. The sultans stimulated the culture of the Deccan region and divided the kingdom into four parts (ṭarafs), promoting in1dependence. However, Mahmud Gawan's modifications were unsuccessful. The kingdom was divided into five successors from 1490 to 1518, including Golconda, Bidar, Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, and Berar.
Bidri Art, a 14th-century metal handicraft from Bidar, South India, emerged during the Bahmani Sultanates. Its distinctive design involves blackening white brass and inlaying it with silver, influenced by Persian art. Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan Chisti brought it to India as utensils. It has recently received Geographical Indications Tags.
The Bahmani Kingdom had a similar administrative structure to the Delhi Sultanate, with the King in charge and assisted by various authorities. The kingdom was divided into four tarafs, with headquarters in Daulatabad, Berar, Bidar, and Gulbarga, each under the command of a governor. Muhammad I was credited with setting up the institutional and administrative framework of the era.
Indo-Islamic architecture, influenced by Persians, was prominent during this era, featuring significant structures like the Madarasa of Mahmud Gawan, Golconda fort, Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur, and the Charminar at Hyderabad.
After the fall of Yadavas and Kakatiyas to the Khaljis and Tughlaqs, Muslim governorships were established in the Deccan region. Mohammed Bin Tughalaq created an elaborate administrative system and appointed Sada Amir, the chief of hundred villages, to perform military and revenue functions. However, a series of revolts broke out in the Deccan region, leading to the establishment of the Bahmani Kingdom by Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah (Jafar Khan) in 1347. The Bahmani kingdom had a primitive type of administration, with five divisions called tarafs, controlled by the associated ruler. The Bahmani sultanate prioritized education, teaching Persian and Arabic languages, and promoting the growth of the Urdu language. The sultans were attracted to art and architecture, building numerous buildings such as libraries, madrasas, and mosques, such as the Gulbarga Juma Masjid, Golconda Fort, Golgumbaz at Bijapur, and the Muhammad Gawan Madrasa.
The Bahmani kingdom, the first Muslim state, was ruled by 14 sultans for over two centuries. The political and radical control of the sultans was simplified through joint commissions and noninterference among religious societies. The sultans stimulated the culture of the Deccan region and divided the kingdom into four parts (ṭarafs), promoting independence. However, Mahmud Gawan's modifications were unsuccessful. The kingdom was divided into five successors from 1490 to 1518, including Golconda, Bidar, Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, and Berar.
The Bahamani Kingdom broke up into five separate kingdoms by the year 1526:
Bidri Art
The Bahmani Kingdom emphasizes the dynasty's contribution to Deccan architecture and culture, as well as the formation of a unique Islamic identity in South India, which is critical to comprehending the region's historical growth. The latter monarchs of the Bahmani Kingdom were eventually defeated by Akbar and Aurangzeb whole included these into the Mughal empire. Nonetheless, Deccan-era Indo-Islamic art and culture have had a lasting impact on modern India.
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