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All About Maratha Empire: Map, Flag, Founder, Capital UPSC CSE

Maratha Empire

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Summary of Maratha Empire

The Maratha empire emerged as a powerful Hindu empire under Shivaji Bhonsle in the 17th century. He fought against Mughals and AdilShahi Sultanate of Bijapur to establish his rule in the present-day Maharashtra region. Shivaji used guerilla war tactics and strategy of fortification of hill forts to establish his power in the region. He appointed Asthpradhan mandal for the effective governance. He also strengthened his naval power. After his death, his son Sambha ji came to power. After Sambha ji his brother Rajaram came to power and then the grandson of Shivaji, Shahu became the Maratha king. Under his rule, office of Peshwa came into existence and Balaji Vishwanath served as the first Peshwa. After him, Bajirao I became the next Peshwa. He expanded Maratha influence across central and northern India and he never lost any battle. The other important Peshwa rulers were Nana Sahib I, Madhavrao and Sawai Madhav Rao. Bajirao II was the son of Raghunath Rao and the last Peshwa of Maratha empire. He was defeated by the British during the 3rd Anglo-Maratha war in 1818 and was pensioned off. The reasons for the decline of Maratha empire were internal conflicts among the chiefs, frequent attacks by the British East India Company, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Mughal Empire, absence of strong and effective central leadership and the divide and rule tactics adopted by British.

Shivaji Bhonsle was the founder of the Maratha Empire. He established an independent Maratha kingdom in the western region of India in the late 17th century through a series of military campaigns and diplomatic maneuvers.

The major achievements of the Maratha Empire include the establishment of a strong military presence, the expansion of territorial control, the promotion of Marathi culture and language, and the implementation of administrative reforms.

Notable rulers of the Maratha Empire include Shivaji, who founded the empire, and later leaders such as Sambhaji, Rajaram, Balaji Vishwanath, Baji Rao I, Balaji Baji Rao, and Madhavrao I, among others.

The reasons for the decline of Maratha empire were internal conflicts among the chiefs, frequent attacks by the British East India Company, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Mughal Empire, absence of strong and effective central leadership and the divide and rule tactics adopted by British.

Background of Maratha Empire

The Maratha empire rose to prominence in the Indian subcontinent during the 17th and 18th centuries. The foundation of the Maratha Empire can be attributed to the military and political prowess of Shivaji Bhonsle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji was born in 1630 and established an independent Maratha kingdom in the Sahyadri mountain range in Maharashtra. Under Shivaji's leadership, the Marathas successfully resisted Mughal attempts to subjugate them and emerged as a formidable regional power. Shivaji formed strategic alliances with local chieftains, sardars, and nobles to strengthen his military and political position. He entered into treaties with neighboring rulers, including the Sultan of Bijapur and the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, to secure territorial concessions, military assistance, and diplomatic recognition.

Introduction of Maratha Empire

The Maratha Empire was a powerful Hindu empire that emerged in the Indian subcontinent during the 17th and 18th centuries. The Maratha Empire was founded by Shivaji Bhonsle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in present-day Maharashtra. The Maratha Empire reached its zenith during the 18th century under the leadership of Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath and his descendants.

Maratha empire under Shivaji

Other important rulers of Maratha empire

Peshwa rulers

Administration under Peshwas

Reasons for the decline of Marathas

Conclusion of Maratha Empire

The Maratha empire left an indelible mark on the Indian history through its military prowess and vibrant cultural heritage. Maratha empire emerged as a powerful kingdom under the brave ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj whose name in today’s time has become synonymous with valor, integrity, and the spirit of independence, continuing to inspire millions across India and beyond. Recently, Indian Navy has released the new logo of shoulder badges for Naval officers which is inspired by the royal seal of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

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