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Mural painting, which dates back to the Paleolithic period, may be seen on caves, tombs, and ceilings across India, especially Kerala. These paintings, based on "fresco secco," attach natural colors and pigments to dried plaster. Jataka story paintings from the Ajanta caves in Maharashtra date back to the seventh century. Murals are thought to have existed in India since the second century. Famous mural paintings may be discovered in caves, the palace walls of Indian and Mughal monarchs, and temples, where they were held sacred and depicted mythology.
Ancient Indian mural paintings, unique due to their sheer size and inability to fit on paper, were painted on walls of caverns and temples. The major themes were Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. These paintings have an organic link with architecture and public relevance. The color, style, and topic of these paintings significantly impact the impression of space. They were created using natural resources like terracotta, chalk, red ochre, and yellow ochre mixed with animal fat. The subjects included human and animal figures, hunting, family scenes, court life, deities, and Buddhist 'Jataka' tales.
Ellora cave paintings include Buddha in Vyakhyana Mudra, a Buddhist Chaitya cave with a Bodhi tree, in Cave No. 14, "Ravan Ki Khai", Dashavatara Temple in Cave No. 15, and Jain caves Jagannath Sabha (Cave 33) and Indra Sabha (Cave 32).
Indian mural painting has a long and famous history, dating back to the 2nd century BC and continuing until the 8th and 10th centuries AD. Murals from this period may be discovered in over 20 places around India, the majority of which are natural caves and rock-cut chambers. Mural paintings are beautiful and magnificent in places like Ajanta, Armamalai Cave, Ravan Chhaya Rock Shelter, Bagh caverns, Sittanavasal caves, and the Kailasanatha temple in Ellora. Almost all of the paintings are situated in natural caves or rock-cut chambers.
In India, mural painting primarily featured deities, nature, or societal subjects such as "Nitya karma" (preliminary daily activities as stated in religious literature) and forbidden matters. Visual art has been used in politics and the formation of ideologies, and mural art, like other forms of art, showed a variety of these issues. These paintings were either created by artists freely expressing themselves or by authorities or the public in order to promote beliefs. The vishnudharmottara, silpasastra, and other works demonstrate the diversity of Indian art.
Indian mural paintings have a rich history and can be found in over 20 locations, including natural caves and rock-cut chambers. They date from the second century BC to the eighth or tenth century AD. The life of Buddha is portrayed in the Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra, while Hindu mythology is given life in Kerala's temple murals. Murals in palaces are a feature of the Rajput and Mughal traditions, whereas Ellora mixes Buddhist, Jain, and Hindu motifs. In Bagh, secular life is reflected; in Armamalai, Jain narratives are portrayed; in Odisha, royal processions are portrayed through Ravan Chhaya. India's rich mosaic of cultural expressions is exhibited by these many traditions, which retell tales from the ancient era to the Vijayanagara and Nayaka periods.
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