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Partition of Bengal 1905 UPSC CSE

Bengal Partition

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Summary of Partition of Bengal

The Bengal Partition of 1905 was a contentious administrative decision by the British Raj, dividing Bengal into two regions. It was met with widespread resistance. The Moderates opposed through petitions, but Lord Curzon proceeded. The Swadeshi Movement emerged in response, advocating boycotts and self-reliance. Extremists like Tilak and Lajpat Rai urged a more aggressive approach, leading to a split in the Indian National Congress in 1907 Surat Session. The movement saw diverse participation: students, women, Muslims, and labor unions. The partition was revoked in 1911 due to protests, reuniting Bengal and illustrating the power of mass mobilization. This event marked a pivotal moment in India's nationalist struggle against British rule, leaving a lasting impact on the region's history and identity.

The British cited administrative convenience, but it was largely seen as a divide and rule strategy to weaken the nationalist movement by dividing Hindu-majority western Bengal from Muslim-majority eastern Bengal.

Moderate leaders like Banerjee and Mitra resisted through petitions, public meetings, and propaganda to mobilize public opinion against the unjust partition.

In 1905 Bengal province was partitioned.

Lord Curzon in 1905 passed the order for partitioning Bengal.

Background of Partition of Bengal

The British Empire's expansion in India led to the establishment of the Bengal Presidency, encompassing present-day West Bengal, Bangladesh, Bihar, and Odisha. However, the vast size and diverse population of Bengal posed administrative challenges for the British authorities, leading to the proposal for partition.

Introduction of Partition of Bengal

The Bengal Partition of 1905 was a significant administrative reorganization by the British Raj in India, dividing the Bengal province into two separate entities: Eastern Bengal and Assam, and West Bengal. It designated Calcutta as the capital of Western Bengal and Dacca as the capital of Eastern Bengal. This controversial decision was met with widespread opposition and had profound socio-political implications for the region.

Causes

Timeline of Partition

Swadeshi Movement- In Detail

Participants in the Movement

Reunification of Bengal

Conclusion of Partition of Bengal

The Bengal Partition of 1905 was a watershed moment in India's struggle for independence, marking the emergence of a resurgent nationalist movement against British colonial rule. While the partition itself was short-lived, its socio-political repercussions continued to reverberate throughout the Indian subcontinent, leaving a complex legacy that continues to shape the region's history and identity.

Prelims PYQS of Partition of Begal 1905

The Partition of Bengal made by Lord Curzon in 1905 lasted until ( UPSC - 2014)
(a) the First World War when Indian troops were needed by the British and the partition was ended.
(b) King George V abrogated Curzon's act at the Royal Darbar in Delhi, in 1911.
(c) Gandhiji launched his Civil Disobedience Movement.
(d) the Partition of India, in 1947 when East Bengal became East Pakistan.

Correct Answer :(b) King George V abrogated Curzon's act at the Royal Darbar in Delhi, in 1911.
What was the main reason for the split in the Indian National Congress at Surat in 1907? (2016)
(a) Introduction of communalism into Indian politics by Lord Minto.
(b) Extremists’ lack of faith in the capacity of the moderates to negotiate with the British Government.
(c) Foundation of Muslim League.
(d) Aurobindo Ghosh’s inability to be elected as the president of the Indian National Congress.

Correct Answer :(b) Extremists’ lack of faith in the capacity of the moderates to negotiate with the British Government.
The ‘Swadeshi’ and ‘Boycott’ were adopted as methods of struggle for the first time during the (2016)
(a) Agitation against the partition of Bengal
(b) Home Rule Movement
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement
(d) Visit of Simon Commission to India

Correct Answer :(a) Agitation against the partition of Bengal
Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in emergence of ‘moderates’ and ‘extremists’? (2015)
(a) Swadeshi Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement

Correct Answer :(a) Swadeshi Movement

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