Hybrid Disasters
There are disasters that result from both human error and natural forces. This type of disaster is known as a hybrid disaster. Examples of hybrid disasters can be summarized as follows:
The extensive clearing of jungles causing soil erosion and subsequently heavy rain causing landslides;
The location of residential areas, factories, etc., at the
foot of an active volcano, or in an avalanche area; and
Floodplain disasters.
Figure: Examples of Hybrid Disaster
Floods and Their Impact
Throughout history, human settlements have flourished near waterways due to the numerous advantages they provide. These include efficient transportation, thriving commerce, energy generation, reliable water supply, fertile soil for agriculture, and effective waste disposal. However, despite these benefits, residing near rivers also comes with significant risks. Among all natural hazards, floods have been responsible for the highest loss of life and property, causing widespread destruction and displacing numerous families and communities.
• Example: Alexander County in the United States experienced severe flood consequences. It was reported that approximately 417 residential and commercial structures were located within the floodplain, with an estimated population of 1,376 at risk. The potential damages from a catastrophic 100-year flood event could include:
• Structural damage to buildings and infrastructure
•
Non-structural damage such as destruction of vehicles, boats, and other assets
• Relocation costs for displaced residents
• Loss of wages due to disrupted economic activities