Editorial 1: Engagement without recognition
Context:
India’s relationship with Afghanistan has been one of deep historical, cultural, and strategic significance. However, since the Taliban’s return to power in August 2021, India’s engagement with the new regime has been cautious, and pragmatic.
Background:
- After the Taliban’s takeover, India shut down its embassy in Kabul, citing security concerns.
- Yet, India has important stakes in Afghanistan such as regional stability, counterterrorism, connectivity to Central Asia, and protection of its investments.
- Between 2001 and 2021, India had invested over USD 3 billion in Afghanistan, constructing major projects like the Zaranj–Delaram Highway, Salma (India–Afghanistan Friendship) Dam, and the Parliament building in Kabul.
India’s Current Approach:
- Although New Delhi has not officially recognized the Taliban regime, it has adopted a “practical engagement” approach to safeguard humanitarian and strategic interests.
- India has sent food grains, medicines, and COVID-19 vaccines through UN agencies and directly via Kabul.
- In June 2022, India reopened a technical mission in Kabul to coordinate humanitarian efforts, a clear indication of cautious re-engagement.
- Thousands of Afghan students continue to study in Indian universities under scholarships. India has also facilitated visa renewals and medical treatment for Afghans.
Strategic & Security Concerns:
- India’s biggest worry is that Afghanistan might again become a safe haven for terrorist groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed, which threaten Indian security.
- The Taliban’s ties with Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) also complicate India’s position.
- Moreover, China’s growing involvement through aid, mining investments, and diplomatic engagement has increased competition for influence in the region.
- India fears being left out of Afghanistan’s strategic space, especially after the withdrawal of U.S. forces.
International engagement:
- No major power, including the U.S., Russia, or China, has formally recognized the Taliban regime.
- The UN still treats Afghanistan’s previous (Republic) government as the official representative.
- India’s stance aligns with this global consensus while allowing limited functional engagement to address on-ground realities.
- India also uses platforms like the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and the Moscow Format to discuss Afghanistan-related issues, especially counterterrorism and drug trafficking.
Renewal of ties:
- India views engagement with the Taliban as a necessity rather than endorsement.
- Maintaining communication channels ensures security of Indian interests, humanitarian outreach, and monitoring of extremist activities.
- At the same time, New Delhi insists that recognition of the Taliban regime will depend on its behavior particularly its treatment of minorities, women’s rights, and commitment to an inclusive political framework.
Way Forward:
India’s policy toward Afghanistan has evolved into one of realpolitik balanced with moral caution. While avoiding formal recognition of the Taliban, India continues to engage to protect its people-to-people ties, regional security, and developmental achievements.