Assertion (A) : Socio-religious movements of the 19th century resulted in the modernization of India.
Reason (R) : Rationalism, scientific temper and other such ideas which are the basis of modernization were at the core of the socio-religious movements.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code :
(R) is true, but (A) is false.
(A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of
Correct Answer:
(B) is true, but (R) is false.
Ques: 2
The First Society founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy was:
Correct Answer:
(B) Atmiya Sabha
In 1815, Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Atmiya Sabha to propagate monotheistic Hindu religion. It tried to initiate social and religious reforms in society. Raja Ram Mohan Roy also founded the Brahmo Sabha, an important socio-religious reform movement in Bengal on August 20, 1828, later known as ‘Brahmo Samaj.’ Devendranath Tagore founded ‘Tatvabodhini Sabha’ in 1839 to propagate the ideas of Raja Ram Mohan Roy. ‘Atmiya Sabha’ was the first society founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
Ques: 3
Which one the following social reformers strongly opposed Jury Act of 1826?
Correct Answer:
(B) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
According to Jury Act of 1826, the natives (Hindus and Muslims) could sit as Jurors in the cases of trials of Hindus and Muslims but were debarred from sitting as such in those cases which were of Christians. On the other hand, Christians had full right to sit as Jurors in trials of Hindus and Muslims. Ram Mohan Roy strongly opposed this act and the flagrant injustice contained under the act.
Ques: 4
Who was the founder of Ram Krishna Mission?
Correct Answer:
(C) Swami Vivekananda
Ramakrishna Mission was founded in the year 1897 in the name of Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa, by his illustrious disciple Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) with the twin ideals “For one’s liberation and the welfare of the world at large” with its Headquarters at Belur in Kolkata and Khatyari in Almora. It conducted various socio-religious activities through its branches spread all over the world in various fields such as education, health, the welfare of the poor, relief and rehabilitation, arts and culture, morality, ethics and spirituality irrespective of caste, creed and religion. It was the last famous religious movement of nineteenth century which aimed at the harmony of religions, harmony of the east and the west, harmony of the ancient and the modern, spiritual fulfilment all-round development of human faculties, social equality and peace for all humanity without any distinctions of creed, caste, race or nationality.
Ques: 5
In 1873 who founded Satya Shodhak Samaj?
Correct Answer:
(B) Jyotiba Phule
Satyashodhak Samaj was founded by Jyotiba Phule in 1873. He was born in 1827 as a gardener’s son. He operated a powerful movement of non-Brahmins. The main objectives of the Samaj were to redeem the Shudras from the influence of Brahmanical scriptures and make them conscious of their human rights and liberate them from mental and religious slavery. He also wrote a book ‘Gulamgiri’ in 1872.
Ques: 6
Whose main aim was to uplift the backward classes?
Correct Answer:
(B) Satyashodhak Samaj
The main aim of Satyashodhak Samaj was the upliftment of backward classes. It was founded by Jyotiba Phule in 1873 for the welfare of Dalits and lower castes. He composed critical books “Sarvjanik Satya Dharm Pustak” and ‘Gulamgiri’ to spread his Anti-Brahmin activities. It was an anti-caste Movement in Maharashtra. Savitribai became head of women section who worked for lower caste girls. Deenbandhu played an important role in Satya Shodak Samaj in spreading the Movement to the remotest part of Maharashtra.
Ques: 7
The Bengali leader who opposed socio-religious reforms and supported orthodoxy was
Correct Answer:
(A) Radhakant Deb
Dharma Sabha was an orthodox society, founded in 1830 by Raja Radhakant Deb (1784-1867). He opposed the abolition of Sati and also played an active role in promoting Western education among girls.
Ques: 8
Which of the above following was started in opposition to the religious/social ideas of Ram Mohan Roy?
Correct Answer:
(B) Samachar Chandrika
Bhavani Charan Bandyopadhyay published ‘Samachar Chandrika’ in 1822. It was started to oppose the religious/social ideas of Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Earlier he was the editor of ‘Samvad Kaumudi’.
Ques: 9
Who was the founder of Radha Swami Satsang?
Correct Answer:
(B) Shivdyal Sahab
Radha Swami Satsang was founded in 1861 by a banker Tulsiram also known as Shivdayal Sahab or Swamiji Maharaj. Seth Shiv Dayal Ji started his faith on “Satnaam” and “Anami”, but the name Radha Swami was coined by Rai Saligram. Rai Saligram used to address Naraini Devi (Wife of Shiv Dayal Ji) as “Radha Ji” and like this, the name “Radha Swami” originated. During the terminal moments of his life, as written in the book “Saar Bachan Radha Swami” Seth Shiv Dayal Ji made it very clear that he did not start the Radha Swami faith as his faith was that of “Satnaam & Anami” and said that Radha Swami faith had been started by Rai Saligram.
Ques: 10
Which reformer of Maharashtra is also known as ‘Lokahitvadi’?
Correct Answer:
(D) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
Gopal Hari Deshmukh (1823–1892) was a social reformer and intellectual thinker from Maharashtra, India. He was born in Pune. His original surname was Shidhaye. At the age of 25, Deshmukh started writing articles aimed at social reform in Maharashtra in the weekly ’Prabhakar’ under the name ’Lokahitvadi.’ In the first two years, he penned 108 articles on social reform. That group of articles has come to be known in Marathi literature as ’Lokahitawadinchi Shatapatre.’ He became the member of Council of Governor General in 1880. He appeared in the court of Delhi wearing hand-woven Khadi clothes, as a supporter of the National self-reliance.
Ques: 11
The campaign for widow remarriage in Maharashtra was led by :
Correct Answer:
(A) Vishnu Parashuram Pandit
The campaign for widow remarriage in Maharashtra was primarily led by Vishnu Parashuram Pandit. He founded ‘Widow Remarriage’ society in 1850 and also launched widow re-marriage movement. B.M. Malabari is famous for legally eliminating child marriage.
Ques: 12
Consider the following statements:
Arya Samaj was founded in 1835
Lala Lajpat Rai opposed the appeal of Arya Samaj to the authority of Vedas in support of its social reform programme.
Under Keshab Chandra Sen, the Brahmo Samaj campaigned for women’s education
Vinoba Bhave founded the Sarvodaya Samaj to work among refugees
Which of these statements are correct?
Correct Answer:
(D) 3 and 4
Arya Samaj was founded on April 7, 1875, at Bombay by Dayanand Saraswati. Thus statement 1 is incorrect. Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the members of Arya Samaj and he did not oppose the appeal of Arya Samaj to the authority of Vedas in support of its social reform programme. Thus, statement 2nd is also incorrect. Brahmo Samaj launched the movement for the education of women in the society under Keshav Chandra Sen. Vinoba Bhave founded the Sarvodaya Samaj to raise the living standard of the Indians and to promote the principles of Mahatma Gandhi and work among refugees. Thus, statement 3 and 4 are correct.
Ques: 13
The Greatest Parsi Social reformer of the 19th century was:
Correct Answer:
(D) Behramji M. Mallabari
Behramji M. Malabari was the greatest Parsi social reformer of the 19th century. He was born in 1853 in a Persian family in Baroda. He edited a circular against child marriage and in support of widow remarriage. The Age of Consent Act, 1891 was passed by his efforts.
Ques: 14
Who among the following prominently fought for and got widow remarriage legalized ?
Correct Answer:
(B) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
The Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act of 1856 was enacted in response to the campaign of Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. The act provided legal safeguards against loss of certain forms of inheritance for a remarrying Hindu widow.
Ques: 15
"I have no time to think about God because a lot of work has to be done on this earth" whose statement is above ?
Correct Answer:
(D) Swami Ishwar Chandra Vidhya Sagar
When he was asked whether God exists or not, Ishwar Chandra Vidhya Sagar replied, "I have no time to think about God because a lot of work has to be done on this earth".