Article 2: Neighbours first
Why in news: India must recalibrate ties with Nepal’s new leadership to safeguard strategic interests, counter external influence, and support economic stability, ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation amid shifting regional geopolitics and internal transitions.
Key Details
- Narendra Modi and Balendra Shah signalled intent to strengthen bilateral ties.
- Relations rooted in shared culture, open borders, and economic interdependence.
- Nepal’s new Gen-Z leadership marks a shift from traditional political elites and foreign policy patterns.
- Past tensions include constitutional issues, border blockade, and territorial disputes.
- India urged to engage constructively, support Nepal’s economy, and prioritise “Neighbourhood First” diplomacy.
Positive Diplomatic Beginnings
- Early exchanges between Narendra Modi and Balendra Shah signalled intent to strengthen bilateral ties
- Both sides expressed willingness to work closely for future cooperation
- Marks the start of a potential new phase in India–Nepal relations
Deep-rooted India–Nepal Connections
- Relations built on shared culture, familial ties, and open borders
- Nepal’s landlocked geography makes it dependent on India for trade and transit
- India’s regional energy grid plans could boost Nepal’s hydropower exports and revenue
Rise of a New Leadership in Nepal
- At 35, Shah represents a young, Gen-Z leadership shift
- First Madhesi leader, breaking dominance of traditional Brahmin-Chettri elites
- Not shaped by older political movements like Panchayat, Congress, or Maoist traditions
- His foreign policy approach remains uncertain and evolving
Challenges and Strategic Concerns
- Past decade saw strained ties over:
- Nepal’s Constitution issues
- Border blockade tensions
- Territorial disputes
- Shah’s earlier stance reflected strong nationalism and concerns over Indian influence
- Use of “Greater Nepal” map raised apprehensions in New Delhi
Way Forward for India
- India should adopt a careful, supportive, and non-intrusive approach
- Assist Nepal in tackling immediate issues:
- Fuel and fertilizer shortages due to West Asia crisis
- Economic dependence on remittances (14% population abroad) and tourism
- Consider key policy steps:
- Allow overflight access for Nepali airports
- Ease restrictions on Nepali power imports
- Update bilateral friendship treaty
- Extend an early invitation to Shah to visit India
- Strengthen ties under the “Neighbourhood First” policy for regional stability
Conclusion
India-Nepal relations stand at a critical juncture with the rise of new leadership in Kathmandu. A balanced approach combining sensitivity, timely engagement, and economic support is essential. By addressing past frictions and adapting to changing political realities, India can reinforce trust and maintain its strategic influence. Proactive diplomacy and cooperation will be key to sustaining long-term bilateral stability.