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Pakistan has increased its engagement with US and signed the military pact with Saudi Arabia. This changing geopolitics situation provide India valuable lesson of how pragmatically tweak its foreign policy to prioritize its domestic interest.
India has emerged as a key player in deep-sea mineral exploration, becoming the first country to secure two contracts with the International Seabed Authority (ISA) for exploring polymetallic sulphides (PMS) in the Indian Ocean. These resources—rich in copper, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements—are vital for renewable energy technologies, green infrastructure, and advanced electronics, making the initiative geopolitically and strategically significant.
India’s economic growth has remained stronger than expected in the current fiscal, with the first quarter GDP growth at 7.8 percent. This momentum, however, faces challenges as the fiscal year progresses, particularly from global headwinds, weaker consumption, and slowing exports.
Sonam Wangchuk, a well-known climate activist and education reformer from Ladakh, was recently detained by the local administration using the NSA. His detention sparked debates over the law’s misuse against activists and dissenters.
China has recently announced at the WTO that it will no longer seek “Special and Differential Treatment” (SDT). This development, while technical in nature, has far-reaching consequences for India’s trade strategy, domestic industries, and broader economic policy.
In current unpredictable scenario, where US has imposed 50% tariffs on Indian exports, the European Union (EU) seeks to position itself as a reliable and stable partner for India. The EU recently released a strategic agenda for India–EU relations ahead of their upcoming leaders’ summit, outlining five major pillars: economy and trade, global connectivity, emerging technologies, security and defense, and people-to-people ties.
Recently protests turned violent in Leh, in which at least three people are reported dead. This is complex situation in otherwise peaceful area. Ladakh has always defended the country during external adversities. New Delhi must deal with empathy and compassion towards this violence.
Recently, former U.S. President Donald Trump claimed that paracetamol use during pregnancy could be linked to autism in children. It reignited fears among expectant mothers about the safety of a widely used medication. However, medical experts have clarified that such claims are not backed by scientific evidence.
The United Nations (UN), as it marks its 80th anniversary, should ideally be celebrating its achievements as the world’s foremost international organization dedicated to peace and cooperation. Instead, it faces the uncomfortable reality of sliding into irrelevance. The organization’s inability to prevent wars, resolve conflicts, or adapt effectively to shifting global dynamics has left it adrift and increasingly marginalized.
The Union Territory of Ladakh has recently witnessed widespread unrest as protests demanding statehood and inclusion under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution turned violent in Leh. The agitation, spearheaded by civil society groups and local activists, reflects growing dissatisfaction with the Centre’s handling of Ladakh’s long-standing political and administrative concerns.
Recently, several countries, including France, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, along with smaller European nations such as Portugal, Andorra, Belgium, Luxembourg, Malta, and Monaco, have formally recognized the State of Palestine. Israel, however, has strongly opposed these recognitions, with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu describing them as “absurd” and reiterating Israel’s refusal to allow the establishment of a Palestinian state.
Healthcare in India has traditionally been viewed as a welfare measure aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of illness. However, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the approach has shifted fundamentally: healthcare is now recognized as a pillar of economic growth and human capital development. Good health is no longer a peripheral concern; it is strategically linked to productivity, income generation, and national development.
Noise pollution is increasingly becoming an urban health crisis in India. With rapid urbanization, rising vehicle density, and a booming construction sector, Indian cities are witnessing unprecedented levels of sound that exceed permissible limits.
The GST was restructured recently to two slab structure. It will help solving problems such as inverted duty structure, rate rationalization dispute reduction. Now the process for streamlining registration, returns and refunds needs to be undertaken.
Inflation in India has fallen sharply in recent months and is expected to remain subdued. While this seems positive for consumers, it poses serious challenges for the government’s budget arithmetic and fiscal management. Low inflation translates into lower nominal GDP growth, which in turn affects tax revenues, borrowing capacity, and fiscal deficit management.
The Anand Marriage Act, 1909 formally acknowledged the distinct Sikh marriage ceremony known as Anand Karaj, it did not provide for marriage registration or other family law matters. For decades, Sikhs were required to register their marriages under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, which many saw as inconsistent with their distinct religious identity. In recent judgment, the Supreme Court directed 17 states and eight Union Territories to frame rules for registering Sikh marriages under the Anand Marriage Act. While this is a significant step forward, the judgment by itself does not address all legal concerns, leaving important lacunae in the personal law framework for the Sikh community.
The recent rejection of bail to activist Umar Khalid by the Delhi High Court once again demonstrates how the legal process in India can undermine the constitutional right to liberty. The way draconian laws like the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) are misused and the trial process itself become a form of punishment, often harsher than any final sentence.
Indus water treaty was signed in 1960 to provide the arrangement for the judicious use of Indus River and its tributaries. It was necessary to ensure the proper use and allocation of its waters for irrigation, building dams. Its relevance is debatable in the present challenges of 21st century including climate change. The Pahalgam terror attack has strained India-Pak relation and the treaty is kept in abeyance since then.
The U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) finds itself at the center of a policy conundrum. Its dual mandate—ensuring maximum employment and maintaining price stability—are now more difficult to balance. As 2025 unfolds, both inflation and unemployment are rising in tandem, leaving the Fed in a predicament where solving one problem risks aggravating the other.
Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have signed a comprehensive defense cooperation agreement, signaling a renewed phase in their long-standing partnership. While both countries already shared cultural, religious, and economic ties, this pact gives structured shape to their defense relationship, covering military training, defense production, intelligence sharing, and joint exercises.
Recently India has officially nominated the Sarnath to the UNESCO World Heritage List for the 2025-26 year. Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is planning to place a new plaque crediting Babu Jagat Singh for first excavating it in 1787-88. Presently, Jonathan Duncan, a British Indologist, is credited to have first reported this site in 1798.
The recent devastating floods in Dehradun have once again highlighted the fragility of mountainous states in India. The 2025 monsoon unleashed destruction across Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Uttarakhand, reminding us of the Himalayas’ vulnerability to extreme weather, unstable geology, and fragile ecosystems. These floods underline the urgency of strengthening disaster preparedness, integrating modern technology, and ensuring coordinated responses.
The Central Government has introduced the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) for its employees as an alternative to the existing pension systems. Despite its announcement, the scheme has seen slow uptake, largely due to a lack of clarity, perceived inadequacies, and comparisons with older pension arrangements.
The Himalayan region has increasingly witnessed episodes of extreme rainfall leading to flash floods, landslides, and significant destruction. The recent spell of intense rainfall once again highlights the interplay between the unique topography of the Himalayas and the impacts of climate change, which together make the region highly vulnerable.
India’s ambitious cheetah reintroduction programme, which brought African cheetahs to Madhya Pradesh’s Kuno National Park in 2022, is set to take a new step forward. The government is now preparing to establish a second indigenous population of cheetahs within the state. This move aims to secure the species’ survival, reduce risks of inbreeding, and ensure long-term ecological balance.
On September 15, 2025, the Supreme Court of India delivered an interim order on the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, which had recently come into force after being passed by Parliament in April 2025. While the apex court refused to stay the entire legislation, it temporarily suspended certain provisions, particularly those altering the composition of Waqf boards. This development has reignited debates around the regulation of Waqf properties, minority rights, and the balance between state authority and religious autonomy.
Context: Recently the tribal belonging to Ho tribe in Jharkhand’s West Singhbhum district protested against the District collector. They accused him of interfering with their traditional self governance system by removing traditional hereditary village heads known as Mundas and Manki.
The Supreme Court recently reserved its opinion on a Presidential Reference filed by President Droupadi Murmu regarding the powers of the President and Governors in granting assent to legislative Bills. This comes after the apex court’s April 2024 judgment that struck down Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi’s delay and selective withholding of assent to Bills passed by the state legislature. The case has raised critical questions about the balance of power between the Union and states and the constitutional role of the President and Governors.
government has proposed a Rs.81, 000 crores mega development project in Great Nicobar island conceived by NITI Aayog and implemented by Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation. It has generated environmental concerns from environmentalists, activists and opposition leaders.
Prime Minister is scheduled to visit conflict torn Manipur. This is his first visit since the conflict broke out between Kuki and Meitei communities in 2023. The state is placed under President’s rule. Certain key challenges still remain to be solved.
Recent terror attacks in Pahalgam have renewed the debates on the relevance of Indus water treaty. India has pressed for renegotiating a new treaty. Pakistan fears of losing the control over Indus River and its tributaries.
India faces the double burden of malnutrition persisting with obesity. The Semaglutide drug used for sugar control in diabetes is used in weight loss industry. It poses the risk of shifting the treatment of obesity as lifestyle disease to the drug-dependent condition.
Recently Himachal Pradesh was declared a ‘fully literate’ state along with Goa, Ladakh, Mizoram, and Tripura. They have achieved the literacy rate above 95%. Many government schemes such as ULLAS have played a major role in making these states fully literate.
GST council unanimously has restructured the GST tax regime in two slabs rate of 5 and 18 percent. This unanimous decision makes GST council unique example of fiscal federalism. Also this restructuring is considered a step towards making GST tax simpler and create a unified single tax market.
India’s urban population account for about 37% of its total population in 2023. By 2050, it is expected to increase to more than 50% of its total population. Today, the urban areas are extremely vulnerable to floods, extreme heat, cyclones, landslides, and earthquakes. India must ensure that the new infrastructure build to accommodate this increased urban population should be resilient to climate change. It will have profound impact on cities and its inhabitants.
Recently the Parliament referred The Constitution 130th Amendment Bill, 2025 to the Joint Parliamentary Committee. This bill allows the removal of Prime Minister, Chief Minister or minister who remains in custody for 30 days on charges carrying punishment of five years or more. It violates the basic structure of the constitution and risks promoting the discretion of unelected officials over the people’s mandate.
Recent protests in Nepal were triggered by the government’s social media ban. Police lathi charge has resulted in the death of 19 persons and the capital “Kathmandu” has been put under curfew. While the ban on social media was a trigger, the unrest was caused by simmering discontent due to factors such as corruption.
Recently GST Council has restructured the GST rates to two slabs of 5% and 18%, and the special tax of 40% on luxury and sin goods. This tax restructuring will led to loss of Rs.48,000crores in GST revenue. But, this must be seen as long-term revenue growth measures against short-term collection maximization.
India’s urban population account for about 37% of its total population in 2023. By 2050, it is expected to increase to more than 50% of its total population. Today, the urban areas are extremely vulnerable to floods, extreme heat, cyclones, landslides, and earthquakes. India must ensure that the new infrastructure build to accommodate this increased urban population should be resilient to climate change. It will have profound impact on cities and its inhabitants.
India is the world’s fastest growing economy with its average GDP growth rate of 8.2% during 2021 to 2024. Despite being faster growing economy, the net foreign investment is declining. This declining in foreign investments may worsen the already-stressed Indian economy due to the US tariff imposition.
Rajasthan Government has passed the Rajasthan Coaching Centers (Control and Regulation) Bill to regulate the coaching industry. It aims to create health and supportive environment to help students achieve their academic and professional goals.
Recently Punjab faced its worst flood. The state government has declared all its 13 districts as flood-hit. Punjab is flooded in rainy season due to its geography. It is considered as the land of five rivers which are flooded in monsoon. Also, the human factors contribute to these floods making the situation worst.
Recently the Parliament has passed the Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025. It replaces the Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920; The Registration of Foreigners Act, 1939; The Foreigners Act, 1946; The Immigration (Carrier’s Liability) Act, 2000. This act now regulates the entry, stay, and exit off foreigners in India.
The Ministry of Tribal affairs has asked Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India to enumerate particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) separately for the first time in the upcoming census. It wants to record the number of PVTG household, individuals, and their distinct demographic, and socio-economic data. It will be useful in forming and implementing schemes targeting PVTGs such as Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyay Mahabhiyan (PM JANMAN).
Parliament has passed the National Sports Governance Bill, 2025. It will replace the guidelines based National Sports Development code of India with rules-based governance for sports. It will help increasing credibility of sports organizations, introduce international best practices and increase participation in the sports.
Recently held tri-service seminar at the Army war College in Madhya Pradesh has highlighted the differences among the Air Force, Army and Navy over the structure of theatre commands. It is one of the major defense reforms initiated by government to increase efficiency and coordination of the three services during any conflict.
Recently Semicon India 2025 was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This marks the series of Initiative which India has taken from Digital India, United Payment Interface (UPI), and Semiconductor Mission. Today India has become a competitive hub of semiconductors integrating the supply chains.
Two judges SC bench recently held that the previous judgment in Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust vs. Union of India (2014) was doubtful. In this case, SC had held that minority educational institutions established under Article 30 (1) is exempt from the provision of Right of Children to free and compulsory education Act, 2009(RTE Act)
Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MoSPI) has released GDP estimates for April-June quarter. GDP has grown at the rate of 7.8% in the given quarter, higher than 7.4% in January-March period. These statistics call for close investigation as the GDP deflator used by it are not well defined. It uses faulty single deflation technique for all sectors except agriculture.
Recent SCO summit provided a stage where terrorism was criticized, focus was on enhancing trade connectivity and increasing the opportunities in the globalised world. Also, it was highlighted that SCO has relevance beyond Eurasian region as it can acts as the voice of global south.
Recently PM Modi visited Tianjin for SCO summit. He also met Chinese President XI Jinping on the sidelines of the summit. This bilateral summit has restored the relations which were stalled post Galwan military stand-off in 2020.
This year India has received above normal rainfall from the South west monsoon. This has led to more Kharif sowing of various crops, mainly rice and maize. As a result, there is high demand for fertilizers. Their supply is constrained by limited domestic production and imports shortfall especially from China.
For Any enquiry or details related to IAS/IPS/UPSC coaching or examination submit your details and get a call from one of our expert's team.
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