In which atmospheric layer are communication satellites located?
Correct Answer:
(A)
Exosphere
Geostationary satellites are positioned at approximately 36000 km height above the Earth. Exosphere is the outer limit of the atmosphere above 640 km from the Earth. Therefore, the communication satellite located in outer most layer of the atmosphere are in Exosphere.
Ques:
12
Which of the following are correct in matching the layer of atmosphere and its characteristics?
Troposphere – Weather Phenomena
Stratosphere – Ozone layer
Ionosphere – Radio waves reflected to Earth's surface
Mesosphere – Aurorae
Code:
Correct Answer:
(C)
1, 2, and 3
Almost all the weather phenomena like rainfall, fog and hailstorm etc. occur in troposphere. Stratosphere - contains a layer of ozone gas. Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the Earth by Ionosphere. Auroras are also related to this layer. So, option 1, 2 and 3 are correctly matched, while option (4) is incorrect.
Ques:
13
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R) :
Assertion (A): The atmosphere receives most of the heat only indirectly from the sun and directly from the earth’s surface.
Reason (R): The conversion from shortwave solar to long wave terrestrial energy takes place at the earth’s surface.
Code:
(A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
Correct Answer:
(A)
and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of
The principal source of atmospheric and Earth’s surface energy is the Sun. Insolation is the incoming solar Energy intercepted by the Earth. The energy radiated from the Sun is known as short-wave solar radiation whereas the energy radiated from Earth is known as long-wave radiation. The long-wave radiation is absorbed by the atmospheric gases particularly by carbon dioxide and the other green- house gases. Thus, the atmosphere is indirectly heated by the Earth’s radiation. Increasing concentration of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane increases the temperature of the lower atmosphere by restricting the outward passage of emitted radiation, resulting in global warming.
Ques:
14
Normally, the temperature decreases with the increase in height from the Earth’s surface, because
The atmosphere can be heated upwards only from the Earth’s surface.
There is more moisture in the upper atmosphere.
The air is less dense in the upper atmosphere.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Correct Answer:
(C)
1 and 3
Globally, insolation is the main factor behind the distribution of temperature. By absorbing Sunrays, the surface of Earth gets warmer. This is the reason why temperature decreases as height increases. At high altitude air density is less with little humidity. Hence, statement (1) and (3) are correct while (2) is wrong. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
Ques:
15
Air pressure is lowest in:
Correct Answer:
(D)
Summer season
Air pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the weight of air on the earth’s surface. The distribution of air pressure is influenced by temperature of air at a given place. Temperature is reversely related with pressure. Due to highest temperature in summer, pressure is lowest on earth. As altitude increases the temperature and air pressure decreases. Distribution of air pressure is influenced by temperature and other kinetic factor (i.e. earth rotation, water vapor, altitude) etc.
Ques:
16
Clouds are the result of –
Correct Answer:
(D)
Condensation
Clouds are formed as a result of the process of condensation. Conversion of water in the gaseous state to a liquid or solid state is called condensation. clouds are a collection of very tiny droplets of water or ice crystals formed by condensation of water vapour in the atmosphere.
Ques:
17
Which of the following cloud is responsible for highly intense rain?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Nimbostratus
Nimbostratus clouds are found very near to the surface of the Earth. They are dark grey with a ragged base. Nimbostratus clouds are associated with continuous rain.
Ques:
18
Highest altitude clouds are -
Correct Answer:
(D)
Cirrostratus
Cirrostratus are the highest altitude clouds. These are mainly formed at an altitude of over 18000 feet.
Ques:
19
Consider the following climatic and geographical phenomena:
Condensation
High temperature and humidity
Orography
Vertical wind
Thunder clouds development is due to which of these phenomena?
Correct Answer:
(C)
1, 2 and 4
Thunder cloud is a process of a thunderstorm. In fact, thunderstorms are a local lightning storm that develops in hot, humid tropical areas like India very frequently. The rising temperature produces strong upward rising winds. These winds carry water droplets upwards, where they freeze(condense), and fall down again. The swift movement of the falling water droplets along with the rising air creates lightning and sound. So, it is clear that except Orography, all are related to thunder clouds.
Ques:
20
During a thunderstorm, the thunder in the sky is produced by the –
meeting of cumulonimbus clouds in the sky.
lightning that separates the nimbus clouds.
violent upward movement of air and water particles.
Select the correct answer using the code given below
Correct Answer:
(D)
None of the above
During a thunderstorm, thunder is the sound caused by a lightning discharge. Lightning heats the air in its path and causes a large over-pressure of the air within its channel. The channel expands supersonically into the surrounding air as a shockwave and creates an acoustic signal that is heard as thunder. Hence none of the above options is correct.