In which one of the following languages was the earliest Jain literature compiled?
Correct Answer:
(A)
Ardh-Magadhi
All the initial religious Jain literature has been written in the specific branch of Prakrit language. Its twelve Angas are in ‘Ardha-Magadhi.’ These holy books were finally compiled in the sixth century A.D. at Vallabhi near Gujarat. Today the Jain literature has been translated into almost every language.
Ques:
132
Svetambara Agama was finally edited at the Jain Council of –
Correct Answer:
(D)
Pataliputra
In the reign of Chandragupta Maurya, 1st Jain Council was held in which Shwetambara Agama were edited. Since all the ancient Jain text got destroyed, so to recompile them another Jain council was organised in 4th century BC in which followers of Bhadrabahu did not participate.
Ques:
133
Read the following statements related to Jaina Literature and choose the appropriate option:
Statement I: The Shvetambara Canon included the 12 Angas.
Statement II: According to Shvetambara tradition, the Angas were compiled at a council held at Vallabhi.
Correct Answer:
(A)
Statement I and Statement II both are true
The Shvetambara Canon, one of the two main branches of Jainism, indeed includes the 12 Angas as a core part of their sacred texts. These Angas are considered to be the primary source of Jaina teachings and philosophy. Also, according to the Shvetambara tradition, the Angas were compiled at a council held at Vallabhi, a historical city in Gujarat, India. This council is believed to have taken place around the 5th century CE.
Ques:
134
Which of the following place is known as a place of Pilgrimages because of being related to Parshvanath?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Sammed Shikhar
Parshvanatha was the 23rd Tirthankara of Jainism. Parshvanatha was born to King Asvasena and Queen Vama of Varanasi in 850 BC. He belonged to the Ikshvaku dynasty. He lived as the formal prince of Varanasi and at the age of thirty, he renounced the world to become a monk. He meditated for 84 days before attaining Kevala Jnana. He achieved Parinirvana at Sammed Sikhar that’s why this place is also known as a place of pilgrimage for Jains.
Ques:
135
Which one of the following is not a part of early Jain literature?
Correct Answer:
(A)
Therigatha
The Therigatha is a Buddhist scripture in which the early nuns (bhikshunis) recount their struggles and accomplishments along the road to spiritual attainment. Their stories are told with often heart-breaking honesty and beauty, revealing the deeply human side of these extraordinary women and thus serve as inspiring reminders of our potential to follow in their footsteps. Rest is the part of Jain scriptures.
Ques:
136
Which one of the following is the distinctive features of a nastika and astika system in India?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Belief in the authenticity of the Vedas
In the context of 6th century BC, Astika sect belonged to those who believed in the authenticity of Vedas and Nastika sect was of those who did not believe in the authenticity of Vedas. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.
Ques:
137
Which one of the following gives equal importance to Jnana, Karma and Bhakti as a means of liberation?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Bhagavad Gita
Jnana, Karma and Bhakti have the equal importance in Gita. Lord Krishna predicted the importance of all three in the Gita’s Shloka. In Advaita Vedanta, Shankaracharya had accepted the Brahma as the only truth. Both Vedanta and Vishistadvaita Vedanta gives supremacy to Bhakti (devotion toward God). Mimamsa has only propounded the Karma.
Ques:
138
The doctrine of Apurva is related to
Correct Answer:
(D)
Mimamsa
The word 'Apurva' is a technical term related to the Purva Mimamsa system of Philosophy.
Ques:
139
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
List-I List-II
Ashtadhyayi 1. Yaska
Correct Answer:
(A)
Mahabhashya 2. Katyayan
The correctly matched list is as follows –
List-I List-II
Ashtadhyayi Panini
Mahabhashya Patanjali
Nirukta Yaska
Varttika Katyayan
Ques:
140
Which is called Lokayata Darshan?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Charvaka
Charvaka is characterised as a materialistic and aesthetic school of thought. He was the founder of Lokayata Philosophy. Accepted direct perception as the surest method to prove the truth of anything. It insists on joyful living.