Human Anatomy and Physiology MCQ Practice for UPSC & Railways

Correct Answer: (B) 206

The number of bones in an adult human body is 206. The body of a child has about 300 bones at birth, which decreases to 206 bones by adulthood after some bones have fused together. Together these bones form the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

Correct Answer: (B) Stapes

The stapes is the lightest stirrup-shaped bone and the smallest bone in the human body found in the middle of humans ears. While femur is the largest bone in the human body. It is located in the upper leg which connects the knee at one end and fits into the hip socket at the other.

Correct Answer: (A) 28

The human skull (excluding hyoid bone of the neck) consists of 28 bones. It consists of two parts, neurocranium and the facial skeleton (also called the viscerocranium). Neurocranium has 8 bones and there are 14 in the viscerocranium (facial bones) and remaining 6 bones occurs in the middle ear, which is helpful in listening.

Correct Answer: (C) Calcium Phosphate

Calcium phosphate is the principal form of calcium found in bovine milk and blood. 70% of bone consists of hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate mineral (known as bone mineral). Up to 50% by volume and 70% by weight of human bones is a modified form of hydroxyapatite.

Correct Answer: (A) 12

The human rib cage is made up of 12 paired (total 24) rib bones. Each are symmetrically paired in right and left side. The ribs are flat, thin bones that together with the sternum make up the rib cage. The ribs provide protection for vital organs in the upper body, including the heart and lungs.

Correct Answer: (C) Hip-joint replacement

Hip arthroplasty or hip-joint replacement surgery involves replacing components of the hip-joint with a synthetic implant, to repair the damaged part that is causing pain.

Correct Answer: (A) Ligaments

A ligament is a tissue that connects two bones to form a joint. It is fibrous and dense connective tissue.

Correct Answer: (D) Food particles plus saliva plus mouth acids plus bacteria

Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth. It appears as a white/pale yellow 'slime layer' commonly found in between the teeth and along the cervical margins . Plaques formed on teeth are made up of food particles, saliva, mouth acids and bacteria in the oral cavity. Saliva has a normal pH range of 6.2-7.6 with 6.7 being the average pH.

Correct Answer: (D) Iodine

Calcium, phosphorus, and fluorine are essential elements for the formation and strengthening of bones and teeth. Deficiency of these nutritional elements may cause teeth and bone diseases, while iodine is used to control thyroid gland.

Correct Answer: (C) 20

In human life span, 20 teeth developed twice. Like a human, most of the mammals are diphyodont – It means our 12 permanent molars are monophyodont and others diphyodont. There are four types of teeth– Incisors, canines, premolars and molars

Correct Answer: (B) Enamel

Tooth enamel is the thin outer covering of the tooth and the strongest part of our body. It makes our teeth white and it exists to protect the crowns of healthy teeth. Tooth decay is due to the destruction of tooth enamel. It is made up of hydroxyapatite crystals, which is mainly calcium phosphate.

Correct Answer: (A) Jaws

The strongest muscle based on its weight is the masseter, known as jaw muscle. With all muscles of the jaw working together, it can close the teeth with a force as great as 55 pounds (25 kilograms) on the incisors or 200 pounds (90.7 kilograms) on the molars

Correct Answer: (C) Keratin

Hair is composed of the protein keratin, which is also the primary component of finger and toe nails.

Correct Answer: (D) 4 1 2 3

The correctly matched lists are as follows :
Breastbone – Sternum
Collarbone - Clavicle
Knee-cap - Patella
Shoulder blade – Scapula

Human Anatomy and Physiology MCQs with Explanations

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