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Economic reforms after 1991 changed India's industrial, financial and trade sectors. This topic covers major reforms, economic growth, foreign investment, employment and development challenges.
Correct Answer:
(D)
Deficit in trade balance and fiscal deficit
The "twin deficits" concept refers to a situation where a country experiences both a trade deficit (imports exceeding exports) and a fiscal deficit (government spending exceeding government revenue).
Ques: 2
What were the main causes of the depreciation of the Indian currency in 1990?
Correct Answer:
(C) Deficits, the overvaluation of the rupee and investor confidence
The main factors contributing to the depreciation of the Indian rupee in 1990 were deficits, the overvaluation of the rupee, and investor confidence. Specifically, the country's large current account deficit, combined with high fiscal deficits and a gradual overvaluation of the rupee, created a situation where the currency's value was unsustainable. This was further exacerbated by a loss of investor confidence, which led to a flight of capital and a surge in demand for foreign currency, ultimately driving down the value of the rupee.
Ques: 3
How did the Reserve Bank of India handle the depreciation of the Indian currency during the 1990-1991 period?
Correct Answer:
(D)
Expanded international reserves and slowed the decline in value
anded international reserves and slowed the decline in value
Answer: d
Explanation:
During the 1991 Indian economic crisis, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) attempted to stabilize the rupee's value by expanding international reserves and slowing its decline, according to the International Monetary Fund and IMF Working Papers. However, this strategy ultimately proved insufficient, and the rupee was devalued significantly.
Ques: 4
The primary goal of India’s structural reforms was:
Correct Answer:
(C) Faster economic growth
A primary goal of India's structural reforms, particularly those initiated in 1991, was to achieve faster economic growth. These reforms, which included liberalization, privatization, and globalization (often referred to as LPG), aimed to create a more conducive environment for economic development and to attract foreign investment, ultimately leading to a surge in GDP growth.
Ques: 5
The Indian economic reform of 1991 saw significant changes in which sector?
Correct Answer:
(A) Banking
The 1991 Indian economic reforms significantly impacted the banking sector, moving it from a highly controlled environment to one with greater market liberalization and competition. This included allowing commercial banks to determine interest rates, the freedom to import goods, and the removal of restrictions on industries. The reforms also led to the development of the stock market, with the establishment of institutions like SEBI to regulate it.