Which of the following is the earliest holy book of Jain?
Correct Answer:
(A) Twelve Angas
The Twelve Angas are part of the Jain scriptures and are considered among the earliest texts in Jain literature. The compilation of these Twelve Angas took place at the Second Jaina Council held at Vallabhi in the 5th century AD by Shwetambars. The Twelve Angas (limbs) are as follows:
Ayaramga
Suyagada
Thanamga
Samavayamgav
Viyaha- pannatti
Naya- dhamma-kahao
Uvasaga- dasao
Anuttarovavaiya- dasao
Anuttaraupaptikadasah
Panha- vagarana
Vivaga- suya
Ques: 2
The first disciple of Lord Mahavir was –
Correct Answer:
(A) Jamali
Among the early visitors to Mahavira during his wandering was Jamali, his son-in- law. Jamali met Mahavira while the later was in Kshatriya- Kundagram, the village where Mahavira was born. He took the vow together with five hundreds of the warrior caste. Jamali was the first disciple of Lord Mahavira.
Ques: 3
“Samadhi Maran” is related to which Philosophy?
Correct Answer:
(B) Jain Philosophy
Samadhi Maran, Sallekhana, Sanyasna Maran is the last vow prescribed by Jain ethical code of conduct. The vow of Samadhi Maran is observed by Jain ascetics and lay votaries at the end of their life by gradually reducing the intake of food and liquid. It is allowed when normal life is not possible due to old age, incurable disease, or when a person is nearing his end.
Ques: 4
‘Ajivaka’ sect was founded by:
Correct Answer:
(C) Makkhali Gosala
Makkhali Gosala was a disciple of Mahavira in the early period, later fell out with Mahavira due to the difference of opinion with him and founded an independent creed “Ajivaka.” The belief of the sect is known as ‘Niyatiwad’ according to which every matter in the world is being controlled and operated by destiny (fate).
Ques: 5
Consider the following statements with reference to Jainism:
It did not recognise the existence of the gods.
It prohibited the practice of agriculture.
It did not condemn the Varna system.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer:
(B) Only two
Statement 1 is incorrect: Jainism recognized the existence of the gods but placed them lower than the Jina.
Statement 2 is correct: Jainism prohibited the practice of war and even agriculture for its followers because both involve the killing of living beings. Eventually the Jainas principally confined themselves to trade and mercantile activities.
Statement 3 is correct: Jainism did not condemn the Varna system as Buddhism did. According to Mahavira, a person is born in a high or in a lower varna as a consequence of his sins committed or virtues acquired by him in his previous birth.