About the Topic: Moderates and Extremists is one of the most important topics of Modern Indian History for UPSC and other competitive examinations. This topic covers the ideology, leaders, objectives, methods and differences between the Moderate and Extremist phases of the Indian National Congress. Practice Moderates and Extremists MCQ Questions with answers and detailed explanations to strengthen your UPSC preparation.
The protest method of moderate leaders of the Congress was ?
Correct Answer:
(B) Constitutional agitation
The methods employed by the two groups (Moderates and Extremists) of Congress were different in their tempo and approach. Congress split into two different groups at Surat Session of Congress in 1907. While the moderates had infinite faith in the efficacy of Constitutional agitation and in appealing to the British sense of justice and fair play, in holding an annual conference, making speeches, passing elaborate resolutions and sending deputations to England. The Extremists had no faith in the benevolence of British public or Parliament, nor were they convinced of the efficacy of merely holding conferences. Extremists had faith in the concept of passive resistance.
Ques: 2
Which one of the following movements has contributed to a split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of ‘moderates’ and ‘extremists’ ?
Correct Answer:
(A) Swadeshi Movement
Surat split (1907), refers to the split in the Congress party into two groups : ‘Moderates’ and ‘Extremist.’ Moderates believed in the policy of settlement of minor issue with Government by deliberation, strike, and boycotts to force their demands. The moderates opposed the resolutions on Swaraj, Swadeshi and boycott of foreign goods but extremists were not in favour of these. Hence, the difference of opinion between moderates and extremist finally reached to split in the Congress at the Surat Session (1907).
Ques: 3
Most of the moderate leader hailed from :
Correct Answer:
(B) Urban areas
During the era of liberal politics Dadabhai Naoroji, Firoz Shah Mehta, Dinshaw Wacha, Womesh Banerjee and Surendranath Banerjee were the moderate leaders who hailed from urban areas. The domination of prosperous and middle-class scholars like barristers, doctors, engineers, journalists and literary people was found during this period. The title and high designation charmed them. These representatives of Congress hailed from metropolitan cities and had no connection with common people.
Ques: 4
Which one of the following was not an extremist ?
Correct Answer:
(D)
G.K. Gokhale
Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a prominent social reformer of India who founded an organization to work for the relief of underprivileged. He led the moderate nationalists in the early years of the Indian Independence Movement. As an influential and respected member of the Indian National Congress, the leading Nationalist organization in the pre-independent India, Gokhale advocated moderate and Constitutional methods of agitation and gradual reform. He participated for the first time in 1888 Congress Session at Allahabad. He was elected to Bombay constitution Council and later for Imperial Legislative Council.
Ques: 5
Who among the following was not an outstanding leader of extreme Nationalism?
Correct Answer:
(A) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Gopal Krishna Gokhale was one of the social and political leaders during the Indian Independence Movement against the British rule in India. He was a senior leader of INC, founder of the Servants of India Society. He was not a leader of extreme nationalism.
Ques: 6
Which one of the following leaders belonged to the Extremist wing of the Congress?
Correct Answer:
(A) Aurobindo Ghosh
Aurobindo Ghosh was an extremist of Congress. He was one of the four pillars (Lal, Bal, Pal, Ghosh) of extremists. He was arrested in 1908 by British Police in Madiktalla garden raid. He got the punishment of one-year imprisonment, but he was released due to the lack of evidence. Finally, he became sage secluded himself from revolutionary activities and moved to Pondicherry.
Ques: 7
Who of the following was not a moderate:
Correct Answer:
(B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Neo-Nationalist group of Lal, Bal, Pal was disillusioned by initial moderate policies of Congress. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a pioneer of this neo ideology. He was extremist, not moderate.
Ques: 8
Which extremist leader of the freedom movement was given 6 years jail punishment in 1908?
Correct Answer:
(B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
In 1908 Tilak was sentenced to 6 years imprisonment. He was deported to Burma and kept in Mandalay Fortress along with Lala Lajpat Rai and others. The cause of sentence was the publication of some seditious articles in his weekly papers ‘The Kesari.’ In opposition to the sentence, first political strike took place in Bombay by the labours of Bombay cloth mill. Tilak wrote the book’ Gita Rahasya’ during his imprisonment period in ‘Mandalay Jail.’
Ques: 9
Which one of the following defines extremist ideology during the early phase of Indian freedom movement?
Correct Answer:
(B) Obtaining self-Government by aggressive means in place of petitions and constitutional ways.
Moderates believed in constitutional methods of British Laws, adopting proposals and delegations to London for negotiation and discussion. On the other hand, extremists believed in aggressive protests, self-sacrifices and determination at the beginning of the Indian Independence Movement. Independence meant for extremist as Complete Independence from foreign control, while moderates meant Independence as self-governance under colonial rule.
Ques: 10
The Indian Muslims, in general, were not attracted to the extremist movement because of the:
Correct Answer:
(D)
Extremist’s policy of harping on Hindu part
Indian Muslims, in general, were not attracted to the extremist movement because of the extremist policy of harping on Hindu part. Aurobindo Ghosh proclaimed that "Independence is the purpose of our lives and only Hindu religion will fulfil this objective. Nationality is a religion, and it is a gift of God.