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Vitamins and Nutrition details the organic compounds and essential nutrients required in small quantities for the proper metabolic functioning of a living organism.
Correct Answer:
(D)
Nutrient and medicinal effect
The term 'nutraceutical' is used to describe any food or part of food supplements that offers a medical or health benefit beyond simple nutrition. Such benefits many include the prevention or recurrence of the diseases.
Ques: 2
What are vitamins?
Correct Answer:
(A) Organic Compound
Vitamins are organic compounds and vital nutrients that an organism requires in limited amounts. An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when the organism cannot synthesize the compound in sufficient quantities and must be obtained through the diet.
Ques: 3
Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Most of the vitamins are not synthesized in human body.
Reason (R) : Human organs synthesize only essential micronutrients.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes:
(A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
Correct Answer:
(C) is true, but (R) is false
Most of the vitamins cannot be synthesized in human body, so they are considered as essential food factors. For the most part, vitamins are obtained from the diet, but some are acquired by other means: for example, microorganisms in the gut flora produce vitamin K and B7 (Biotin); and one form of vitamin D is synthesized in skin cells when they are exposed to a certain wavelength of ultraviolet light present in sunlight. Human can produce some vitamins from precursors they consume: for example, vitamin A is synthesized from beta carotene; and vitamin B3 (Niacin) is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. An essential micronutrient is a nutrient required for normal physiological function that cannot be synthesized in the human body-either at all or in sufficient quantities- and thus must be obtained from a dietary source. About 30 vitamins, minerals, fatty acids and amino acids are essential micronutrients for proper functioning of human metabolism. Thus reason (R) is false.
Ques: 4
Which of the following facts is NOT correct about vitamins?
Correct Answer:
(D)
Vitamin 'K' is a water-soluble vitamin.
Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins while B group vitamins and vitamin C are soluble in water. Thus, option (d) is not correct. Facts given in other options are correct about vitamins.
Ques: 5
Living organisms require at least 27 elements, of which, 15 are metals. Among these, those required in major quantities, include:
Correct Answer:
(C) Potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium
Ample amount of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur and chlorine etc. are required for living organisms. They are known as macronutrients whereas micronutrients are needed in a small amount for the organism.
Ques: 6
Apples have special value for heart patients, because they are rich source of –
Correct Answer:
(D)
Potassium only
Potassium is an electrolyte mineral. It plays an important role in maintaining a healthy heart rhythm through muscle action. Apple trees absorb potassium in a greater amount than any other nutrient, so apples are a rich source of potassium. Apples are also rich sources of phytochemicals that can act as antioxidants.
Ques: 7
Regular intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is recommended in the diet since they are a good source of antioxidants. How do antioxidants help a person maintain health and promote longevity?
Correct Answer:
(C) They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism.
An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death to the cell. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates and inhibit other oxidation reactions. They do this by being oxidized themselves so antioxidants are often reducing agents such as asthiols, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or polyphenols. Fresh fruits and vegetables are a good source of antioxidants.
Ques: 8
The best source of Vitamin C is:
Correct Answer:
(C) Gooseberry
Indian gooseberry (amla) is the richest source of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid). Orange, tomato, lemon, papaya, peas, etc. are also good sources of vitamin C. It is an important antioxidant which helps to protect against cancer, heart disease, stress, maintaining a healthy immune system and wound healing process. It is essential for sperm production and formation of collagen. The collagen protein involved in the building and health of cartilage, joints, skin and blood vessels etc.
Ques: 9
Vitamin 'C' help in absorption of which of following elements?
Correct Answer:
(A) Iron
Vitamin C is helpful in iron absorption whereas vitamin D helps in absorption of magnesium and calcium.
Ques: 10
Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Correct Answer:
(D)
Vitamin K - Sterility
The deficiency of Vitamin 'K' causes a problem in blood coagulation. Other pairs are correctly matched.
Ques: 11
Deficiency of which vitamin can cause night blindness?
Correct Answer:
(C) A
Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinol, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the light absorbing molecules necessary for both low light (scotopic vision) and colour vision.
Ques: 12
In human body, vitamin A is stored in-
Correct Answer:
(A) Liver
Vitamin A is largely stored in the liver in the human body. Its chemical name is retinol whose deficiency causes night blindness.
Ques: 13
Which of the following is the richest source of vitamin A?
Correct Answer:
(D)
Mango
Mango is a rich source of vitamin A among all the given fruits. It is also rich in vitamin C and E.
Ques: 14
Which one of the following is an important source of vitamin E?
Correct Answer:
(C) Wheat germ oil
The Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ of the wheat kernel which makes up only 2.5% by weight of the kernel. Wheat germ oil has the highest content of vitamin E. It is a fat-soluble vitamin and plays a role as an antioxidant in the body.