Which of the following statements about bio-fuel is not correct?
Correct Answer:
(B)
Bio-fuel is cost-effective.
Even with all the benefits associated with biofuels, they are quite expensive in the market. Hence, they are not cost- effective.
Ques:
12
Which one of the following is a bio-diesel crop?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Jatropha
Biofuel development in India centres mainly around the cultivation and processing of Jatropha plant seeds which are very rich in oil (40%). Jatropha oil can be used after extraction in diesel generators and engines. Jatropha oil has been used in India for several decades as biodiesel for the fuel requirements of the remote rural and forest communities.
Ques:
13
Which is the first Indian airline company that used biofuel as ATF?
Correct Answer:
(D)
Spice jet
On August 27, 2018, Spice jet, successfully conducted India's first ever Bio Fuel powered flight. The airline successfully undertook the flight on the Dehradun-Delhi route. Spice jet used its Bombardier
Ques:
14
Other than Jatropha curcas, why is Pongamia pinnata also considered a good option for the production of bio-diesel in India?
Pongamia pinnata grows naturally in most of the arid regions of India.
The seeds of Pongamia pinnata are rich in lipid content of which nearly half is oleic acid.
Which of the statements given above are/is correct?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Both 1 and 2
Other than Jatropha, Pongamia plant is considered as a resource that can meet the growing demand of biodiesel in India due to their high productivity and less maturity cycle. Pongamia pinnata grows naturally in most of the arid regions in India. It can be grown in waterlogged, saline and alkaline soil and can withstand harsh agro-climates. The seeds of Pongamia pinnata are rich in liquid content of which nearly half is oleic acid. Hence, both the statements are correct.
Ques:
15
Consider the following statements regarding Biodiesel:
1. It is a fuel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats.
2. B100 is a pure biodiesel and is commonly used due to cost-effectiveness.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
(A)
1 only
Biodiesel is a liquid fuel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats through transesterification.
It is used as a replacement or as a blending with petroleum-based diesel in various combinations such as B5, B20, B100, etc.
B20 (commonly used due to cost-effectiveness, low emissions and compatibility with conventional engines) is a blend containing 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel.
B100 (less commonly used) is a pure biodiesel.
Ques:
16
Which of the following best describes biological magnification?
Correct Answer:
(A)
The increase in a pollutant's concentration as it moves through a food web.
Biomagnification is the process where pollutants become more concentrated at higher trophic levels in a food chain or web. This means that as you move up the food chain, the concentration of toxic substances increases in organisms, potentially reaching harmful levels, especially at the top of the food web.
Ques:
17
Which of the following is a well-known example of a substance that undergoes biomagnification?
Correct Answer:
(C)
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane).
DDT is a classic example of a persistent, fat-soluble pesticide that undergoes biomagnification, leading to its concentration in organisms at higher trophic levels, like birds and fish.
Ques:
18
What is the main factor that causes pollutants to biomagnify?
Correct Answer:
(B)
The fact that pollutants accumulate in the tissues of organisms.
Biomagnification occurs because pollutants, particularly those that are fat-soluble and persistent, accumulate in the tissues of organisms as they consume other organisms.
Ques:
19
What are the potential consequences of biomagnification for top predators in an ecosystem?
Correct Answer:
(B)
Reduced life expectancy and increased susceptibility to health problems.
Biomagnification can lead to the accumulation of pollutants in top predators, potentially causing a decline in their health and reproductive success, including thinning eggshells in birds and reduced immune function in other organisms.
Ques:
20
What is the impact of biomagnification on the food chain?
Correct Answer:
(B)
It disrupts the food chain, concentrating toxins at higher trophic levels.
Biomagnification disrupts the food chain by concentrating pollutants at higher trophic levels, potentially harming top predators and affecting ecosystem health.