Which of the above given are the reasons for High Plastic Pollution in India?
Correct Answer:
(D)
All of the above
Reasons for High Plastic Pollution in India
Rapid Population Growth and Urbanization: India's rising population and affluence drive higher consumption and waste generation. Urbanisation intensifies the problem by increasing the demand for plastic products and packaging.
Inadequate Waste Management Infrastructure: India's waste management infrastructure is insufficient to handle the large volumes of waste, with more uncontrolled dumping sites than sanitary landfills, reflecting poor disposal facilities and practices.
Discrepancies in Waste Collection Data: India's official waste collection rate is overstated at 95%, while research suggests the actual rate is around 81%, revealing a significant gap in efficiency.
Open Burning of Waste: India burns approximately 5.8 million tons of plastic waste each year, worsening pollution and releasing toxic pollutants that pose health and environmental risks.
Informal Sector Recycling: The unregulated informal recycling sector handles much plastic waste not accounted for in official statistics, complicating the understanding of plastic pollution levels.
Ques:
52
Consider the following statements regarding Un-Plastic Collective (UPC) initiative:
1. It is a voluntary initiative launched by the UN-Environment Program-India.
2. Initiative seeks to minimise externalities of plastics on the ecological and social health of our planet.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Both 1 and 2
Un-Plastic Collective
Un-Plastic Collective (UPC) is a voluntary initiative launched by the UN-Environment Program-India, Confederation of Indian Industry and WWF-India.
The Collective seeks to minimise externalities of plastics on the ecological and social health of our planet.
As a part of UPC initiative companies set time-bound, public targets to:
Eliminate unnecessary use of plastic.
Reuse and circulate plastics through the circular economy.
Replace plastic with sustainable alternative or recycled plastics.
Turn commitments to meaningful and measurable action.
Ques:
53
Human-made pollutants are called –
Correct Answer:
(D)
Anthropogenic
Pollution occurs as a result of unexpected change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil, water and air. It occurs due to the disproportionate accumulation of pollutants. Pollution caused by humans is called anthropogenic pollution. Anthropogenic pollution gives rise to non- biodegradable pollutants which do not get decomposed by organic decomposers or are decomposed very slowly. Therefore, it is very difficult to reign in non-biodegradable pollutants caused by anthropogenic pollution.
Ques:
54
Bio-degradable pollutant is
Correct Answer:
(B)
Sewage
Those pollutants which can be broken down into simpler, harmless substances in nature in the due course of time (by the action of micro-organisms like certain bacteria) are called bio-degradable pollutants. Domestic waste (garbage), urine, faecal matter, sewage, cattle dung, animal bones, etc. are biodegradable pollutants.
Ques:
55
The combustion of coal, petrol and diesel etc. is the basic source of –
Correct Answer:
(C)
Air pollution
Coal, petrol and diesel burn to produce oxides of carbon and nitrogen which are the main factor behind air pollution.
Ques:
56
Which of the following energy sources produces NO atmospheric pollution?
Correct Answer:
(B)
Solar energy
Solar energy is an important source of renewable energy. There is no atmospheric pollution during the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy.
Ques:
57
Which of the following is a biodegradable pollutant?
Correct Answer:
(A)
Sewage
Those pollutants which can be broken down into simpler, harmless substances in nature in due course of time (by the action of micro-organism like certain bacteria) are called biodegradable pollutants. Domestic wastes (garbage), urine, sewage, agriculture residues, cattle dung, animal bones, vegetable stuff are biodegradable pollutants. Hence, (a) is the correct answer.
Ques:
58
Which of the following is produced during the formation of photochemical smog?
Correct Answer:
(B)
Nitrogen Oxides
Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds react to sunlight, creating a brown haze above cities. It tends to occur more often in summer because that is when we have the most sunlight. Photochemical smog is formed by oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Ozone (O3). The common components of photochemical smog are ozone, nitric oxide, acrolein, formaldehyde and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
Ques:
59
Photochemical smog is a resultant of the reaction among.
Correct Answer:
(A)
NO2, O3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of sunlight
Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants that are formed when nitrogen oxides (NO2), ozone (O3) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) reacts with sunlight, creating a brown haze above cities.
Ques:
60
Smog is essentially caused by the atmospheric presence of :
Correct Answer:
(D)
Oxide of nitrogen and sulphur
Smog is a type of intense air pollution. The word 'smog' is a contraction of the words smoke and fog to refer the smoky fog. It is a kind of visible air pollution and is composed of nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, ozone, smoke and other particulates. Man-made smog is derived from coal combustion emissions, vehicular emissions, industrial emissions, forest and agricultural fires and photochemical reactions of these emissions.