Consider the following statements regarding Bharat Stage Emission Standards:
1. The standards and timelines for their implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
2. The BS norms are based on the European Emission Standards (Euro norms) and were first set in 1995.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
(A)
1 only
Bharat Stage or BS Emission Standards are government-instituted emission standards that all motor vehicles have to comply with if they are to be sold and driven in India.
Currently, all new vehicles sold and registered in India should be compliant with the BS-VI iteration of emission standards.
The standards and timelines for their implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) under the Minister of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.
The BS norms are based on the European Emission Standards (Euro norms) and were first set in 2000. Equivalent to the Euro-1, the first iteration was known as ‘India 2000’, and not BS-I.
Subsequent emission standards were called BS-II, BS-III, and BS-IV.
The government decided to jump directly from BS-IV to BS-VI skipping BS-V in view of the long time it took to move from BS-III to IV.
Ques:
22
Consider the following statements:
1. The volume of particulate matter 2.5 is between 20 to 40 micrograms per cubic metre in BS-IV fuel.
2. The sulphur content in the BS-VI compliant fuel is brought down five times when compared to the BS-IV version.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
(B)
2 only
Emission norms are made further stringent with the introduction of the Bharat Stage VI. BS-VI is the highest vehicle emissions standard specification in the world currently.
The volume of particulate matter 2.5 is between 20 to 40 micrograms per cubic metre in BS-VI fuel, whereas, in BS-IV, it was up to 120 micrograms per cubic metre.
The sulphur content in the BS-VI compliant fuel is brought down five times when compared to the BS-IV version. (It is 10 ppm of sulphur as against the previous 50 ppm).
Sulphur in the fuel contributes to fine particulate matter emissions. High sulphur content in the fuel also leads to corrosion and wear of the automobile engine.
Ques:
23
Euro emissions norms are emissions standards and these represents a package of setting limits for emissions of gases in automobiles. The gases is covered under this?
Carbon monoxide
Hydro carbons
Lead
Carbon dioxide
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Correct Answer:
(C)
1, 2 and 3 only
Euro emissions standards is pollutoin regulaton applicable to all automoblies in Europe. In the European Union emissions of nitrogen oxides, total hydrocarbon, non-methane hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter are regulated for most vehicle types, including cars, trucks, locomotives, tractors and similar machinery, barges, but excluding seagoing ships and aeroplanes. Bharat stage emission standards are emission standards instituted by the Government of India to regulate the output of air pollutants from internal combustion engines and Spark-ignition engines equipment, including motor vehicles. The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board under the Ministry of Environment & Forests and climate change. The standards, based on European regulations were first introduced in 2000.
Ques:
24
Euro norms describe as:
It place limits on the amount of an emissions from a vehicles.
It is a national autofuel policy suggested by Maheshlkar committee for implementation of Euro standards to control pollution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Both 1 and 2
'Bharat Stage' vehicle emission norms are emission standard instituted by the government of India that regulate the output of air pollutants, such as NO2, CO, hydrocarbons, particulate matter (PM), including motor vehicles, or other air pollutant. In most cases they are similar to the European emission standards. The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board under the Ministry of Environment & Forests. In 2002, the Indian government accepted the report submitted by the Mashelkar committee. The committee proposed a road map for the roll out of Euro based emission norms for India.
Ques:
25
With reference to the Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BSES) norms, consider the following statements:
These were first introduced in 2000.
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) are introduced in BS VI.
BS VI fuel will have only 10 ppm of sulphur.
These are implemented by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer:
(A)
1, 2 and 3 only
Bharat Stage Emission Standards (BSES) were introduced in 2000. The Environment Ministry is responsible for deciding the fuel standard in the country. The Central Pollution Control Board implements these standards. They are based on European (EURO) emission standards.
The volume of particulate matter 2.5 in BS-VI is between 20 to 40 micrograms per cubic metre.
The sulphur content is 10 ppm of sulphur as against the previous 50 ppm.
Under the BS-VI fuel, for 1 KM, a car will emit 80% less PM and almost 70% less nitrogen oxide (in a diesel engine). In a petrol engine, the emission of nitrogen oxide would be less by 25%.
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) are being introduced with the roll-out of Bharat Stage VI norms, which were not a part of Bharat Stage IV.
Real Driving Emission (RDE) will be introduced in India for the first time with the implementation of Bharat Stage VI emission norms. It will measure a vehicle’s emission in real-time conditions against laboratory conditions.
Onboard Diagnostics (OD) has been made mandatory for all vehicles.
Ques:
26
Given below are the names of four energy crops. Which one of them can be cultivated for ethanol?
Correct Answer:
(B)
Maize
Maize is cultivated for ethanol while Jatropha, Pongamia and Sunflower are cultivated for biodiesel.
Ques:
27
The major component of CNG is:
Correct Answer:
(D)
CH4
The use of diesel and petrol as fuels in automobiles is being replaced by CNG (Compressed Natural Gas), because CNG produces the harmful products in very small amounts. The major component of CNG is Methane (CH4).
Ques:
28
It is possible to produce algae-based biofuels, but what is/are the likely limitations of developing countries in promoting this industry?
Production of algae-based biofuels is possible in seas only and not on continents.
Setting up and engineering the algae-based biofuel production requires a high level of expertise/ technology until the construction is completed.
Economically viable production necessitates the setting up of large scale facilities which may raise ecological and social concerns.
Select the correct answer using codes given below:
Correct Answer:
(B)
2 and 3 only
The production of algae-based biofuel is possible in both seas and continents. Thus, statement (1) is incorrect. The high level of expertise is required for the production and engineering of these fuels, as well as knowledge and experience are required for higher production and innovation. It is difficult to produce such type of fuel in developing countries because it requires heavy capital investment, apart from this, establishing facilities for large scale production, ecology and society can be adversely affected.
Ques:
29
Consider the following statements regarding Green Fuels Alliance India (GFAI):
1. It was introduced by India in collaboration with Denmark.
2. It aims to advance the green fuels sector, including green hydrogen, through innovation and partnerships.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
(B)
2 only
Denmark has introduced the Green Fuels Alliance India (GFAI) to enhance collaboration with India in the sustainable energy sector, aligning with both nations’ goals of achieving carbon neutrality.
It aims to advance the green fuels sector, including green hydrogen, through innovation and partnerships. GFAI’s objective is to foster an ecosystem promoting sustainable energy growth in India, involving businesses, government entities, and research institutions.
Ques:
30
Consider the following statements regarding Bioethanol:
1. It is derived from vegetable oils like soybean oil or palm oil, vegetable waste oils, and animal fats.
2. A litre of ethanol contains approximately two thirds of the energy provided by a litre of petrol.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
(B)
2 only
Bioethanol
It is derived from corn and sugarcane using the fermentation process.
A litre of ethanol contains approximately two thirds of the energy provided by a litre of petrol.
When mixed with petrol, it improves the combustion performance and lowers the emissions of carbon monoxide and sulphur oxide.
Biodiesel
It is derived from vegetable oils like soybean oil or palm oil, vegetable waste oils, and animal fats by a biochemical process called “Transesterification.”
It produces very less or no amount of harmful gases as compared to diesel.