Montreal Protocol is related to the protection of:
Correct Answer:
(C)
Ozone layer
The Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It came into force on 1 January, 1989.
Ques:
32
What greenhouse gas is regulated in the Montreal Protocol?
(a) Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(b) Chlorofluorocarbon
Correct Answer:
(C)
The Montreal Protocol, finalized in 1987, is a global agreement to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances (ODS). The main substances it controls are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). These substances, while they do have some greenhouse gas properties, are primarily harmful because they deplete the ozone layer.
Ques:
33
Consider the following statements: Statement I: The European Parliament approved the Net-Zero Industry Act recentlyStatement-II: The European Union intends to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040 and therefore aims to develop all of its own clean technology by that time.Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
Statement I is correct: The European Parliament has given its approval to the Net-Zero Industry Act, which is intended to boost the European Union’s manufacturing capabilities for net-zero technologies.
However, Statement II is incorrect: The European Union's ultimate objective is to reach carbon neutrality by 2050, not 2040. The year 2040 serves as an interim target, with the aim of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by 90% as a step toward achieving full carbon neutrality by 2050.
Ques:
34
Consider the following statements regarding Ozone Layer Preservation:
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer is celebrated on October 16 to commemorate the signing of the Montreal Protocol.
The Montreal Protocol has led to the phase-out of 99% of ozone-depleting chemicals in refrigerators, air-conditioners and many other products.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
(B)
2 only
The International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer is celebrated on September 16th to commemorate the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987. This international environmental treaty aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed this date as the International Day in 1994.
The Montreal Protocol, an international agreement, has been highly successful in phasing out 99% of ozone-depleting chemicals, which were commonly used in products like refrigerators, air conditioners, and aerosols. This has led to a significant recovery of the ozone layer.
Ques:
35
Consider the following statements regarding the global initiatives to curb ozone depletion:
Vienna convention is adopted in 1985.
Montreal protocol is adopted in 1997.
Kigali amendment 2016 will phase down consumption of HFCs.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer:
(D)
All of the above
The 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was an international agreement in which United Nations members recognized the fundamental importance of preventing damage to the stratospheric ozone layer.
The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer and its succeeding amendments were subsequently negotiated to control the consumption and production of anthropogenic (ODSs) and some hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
The adoption of the 2016 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol will phase down the production and consumption of some HFCs and avoid much of the projected global increase and associated climate change.
Ques:
36
Place where Ozone Layer is primarily found is –
Correct Answer:
(B)
Stratosphere
The earth’s atmosphere is divided into several layers and each layer plays an important role. The layer extending about 10-50 km is called the stratosphere. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere from approximately 15 to 30 kilometres above the Earth, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. The ozone layer protects the Earth from the sun UV rays. 10% of the ozone layer is found in the troposphere and 90% in the stratosphere.
Ques:
37
Ozone layer is above the earth's crust around –
Correct Answer:
(D)
20 km.
The Ozone layer is mainly found in stratosphere from approximately 15 to 30 km above the Earth's surface. Its density varies seasonally and geographically.
Ques:
38
The radiation that is absorbed by ozone present in the atmosphere is –
Correct Answer:
(C)
Ultraviolet
Ozone (O3) is a molecule formed by three atoms of oxygen. While O2, which we normally refer to as oxygen, is essential for all aerobic forms of life. Ozone is a deadly poison. However, at the higher levels of the atmosphere, ozone performs an essential function. It shields the surface of the Earth from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. This radiation is highly damaging to organisms and is known to cause skin cancer in human beings.
Ques:
39
“Ozone Layer Preservation Day” is celebrated on –
Correct Answer:
(A)
16 September
In 1994, the UN General Assembly declared 16 September as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, commemorating the date of the signing, of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer in 1987.
Ques:
40
The ozone hole is caused by
Correct Answer:
(C)
Chlorofluorocarbons
Ozone depletion occurs when chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are released into the atmosphere. These gases, through several chemical reactions, cause the ozone molecules to break down, reducing ozone’s ultraviolet radiation absorbing capacity.