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India and Singapore have a long-standing relationship, dating back to the Cholas' permanent settlement in 1819. The two countries have a strong trade and investment relationship, with bilateral trade growing consistently. Singapore's strategic location in Southeast Asia makes it a vital gateway for India to access the ASEAN region. India and Singapore have collaborated on infrastructure projects, such as industrial parks, smart cities, and logistics hubs. Singapore's expertise in urban planning, sustainable development, and connectivity solutions can help address India's infrastructure gaps. India and Singapore also have a robust defense relationship, engaging in joint military exercises, defense dialogues, and maritime security cooperation. Singapore's advanced technological capabilities can foster innovation and knowledge exchange in India. However, challenges remain, including trade imbalance, regulatory barriers, and geopolitical considerations. While defense cooperation is robust, there is room for further deepening and expanding collaboration. Cultural differences and diverse societal norms can also pose challenges in fostering collaboration.
The "5-S Plank" was adopted by EAM in Singapore in August 2014, focusing on five areas of cooperation to enhance bilateral ties: increased trade and investment, improved connectivity, urban renewal and smart cities, skill development, and state focus.
India and Singapore have signed several major agreements, demonstrating their growing cooperation and expanding economic and people-to-people interactions. Key agreements include the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) in 2005, the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement in 1994, the bilateral Air Services Agreement, the Defence Cooperation Agreement (2003), and the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (2005). In 2007, the Foreign Ministers established a Joint Ministerial Committee, inaugurated a bilateral CEO's Forum, and declared a Strategic Dialogue.
At the Field Firing Ranges, Devlali (Maharashtra), the 12th Edition of Exercise Agni Warrior, a bilateral exercise between the Indian Army and Singaporean Army, came to an end on November 30, 2022. The exercise began on November 13, 2022. During Exercise Agni Warrior, the artillery arm of both armies demonstrated coordinated firepower planning, execution, and employment of new generation equipment.
Singapore and India have a long history dating back to the Chola era. The more recent connection is credited to Sir Stamford Raffles, who founded a trading post at Singapore in 1819 near the Malacca Straits. Singapore later developed into a British Indian colony under the administration of Calcutta (1830–1867). The same institutions and practices, the use of English, and the presence of a substantial Indian population are all indicators of the colonial relationship. India's economic reforms in the 1990s and its Look East policy offered opportunities to create a new framework for cooperation, which included the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) in 2005. In 2015, the countries signed a Joint Declaration on a Strategic Partnership to mark the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations.
India and Singapore have diplomatic relations since 1965, based on economic and political convergence. The foundation of relations between Singapore and India includes common views and ideals, as well as convergence of interests on important issues and economic prospects. Over 20 routine bilateral processes, discussions, and exercises are conducted. They have a great deal of agreement on a wide variety of global problems, and they both participate in the East Asia Summit, the G20, the Commonwealth, the Indian Ocean Rim Association, and the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS).
The "5-S Plank," which identifies five areas of cooperation to improve bilateral ties, was adopted as a result of EAM's (External Asset Managers) August 2014 visit to Singapore. The focus of the partnership is the 5-S Plank.
Contracts signed between Singapore and India are evidence of the two countries' expanding general cooperation and offer a more expansive framework for economic and people-to-people interactions as well as government-to-government operations.
The Bilateral Relationship Framework
About Exercise Agni Warrior between India and Singapore
Singapore was invited as a Guest Country under India's Presidency of G20 in 2023. Singapore's Ministers participated in various Ministerial meetings, including Finance Ministers' Meetings, Labour and Employment Ministers' Meetings, Energy Ministers' Meetings, and Environment and Climate Ministers' Meetings. They also met with Indian counterpart Ministers and participated in various events, such as the Ministerial Conference on Women's Empowerment, Health Ministers' Meetings, and B20 India summits. Singapore's Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong, also participated in the G20 Summit in September 2023. These meetings provided an opportunity for Singapore to engage with India's counterparts and discuss various issues.
Singapore and India have a strong strategic and economic relationship, with Singapore being a popular travel destination and investment source. India signed its first Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement with Singapore, and strong links have been formed with several Indian states. Economic cooperation is expanding, and both nations are exploring new fields like talent development and tourism. Singapore is also a crucial partner in India's development priorities, including smart cities, urban solutions, financial sector, skills development, ports, logistics, aviation, and industrial parks.
The collaborations focus on enhancing e-services delivery, e-governance practices, and unified service delivery portals.
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