Avalanches

Avalanches

The sliding down of snow cover on mountain slope causes avalanches.

Avalanches may occur due to a combination of factors such as the slope of the mountain, depth of snow cover, wind velocity and atmospheric temperature,

vibrations caused by gunfire and strength of resisting forces like vegetation cover of trees and shrubs.

When the balance between the gravitational force of snow cover and the resisting force of the slope and the anchoring effect of shrubs are lost, avalanches are caused.

Avalanches pose significant challenges for local authorities by obstructing roadways, disrupting communication networks in critical areas, and affecting winter sports, leaving tourists stranded in regions with limited facilities. Additionally, small rivers may become blocked, increasing the risk of downstream flooding.

The higher altitudes of the Himalayas experience persistent snowfall, making them prone to avalanches. These regions are also popular for adventure sports. Severe snow avalanches frequently impact Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and the hills of Western Uttar Pradesh. Approximately 20,000 residents in Nubra and Shyok valleys, along with mountaineers and trekkers, are vulnerable to these hazards due to steep terrain. The Kashmir avalanche of 2005, which resulted in 278 fatalities, mostly among those residing in temporary winter shelters, is a notable example.

An avalanche occurs when the gravitational force surpasses the mechanical strength of the snow cover. These events are triggered by both natural and human- induced factors.