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Tribal Integration:
Integrating tribal communities into the mainstream was a complex challenge, given the diverse conditions they lived under across the country, their distinct languages, and unique cultures.
While tribal groups are scattered throughout India, their largest concentrations are in states like Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and northeastern India. Outside of the Northeast, they are often minorities in their home states.
Tribal people typically reside in hilly and forested regions. During colonial rule, they lived in relative isolation, with traditions, habits, and ways of life that were quite different from those of their non-tribal neighbors. However, except in the Northeast, these groups had engaged with each other socially, culturally, economically, and politically for centuries.