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During the national movement for freedom from British Rule, many poets and nationalist writers produced works that led to the development of nationalistic consciousness among the masses. Foremost among them was Rabindranath Tagore. He was born into renowned Tagore family in Bengal. From childhood, he was exposed to reformist and patriotic feelings. He was greatly inspired by the Brahmo Samaj, and hence he later produced many literary works that instilled a feeling of nationalism amongst the masses. This brought him to the mainstream nationalist movement. He was a great poet. During his lifetime, he wrote more than 2000 songs, 1000 poems, and many short stories. In 1913, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for his work Gitanjali (Song Offerings). His compositions were adopted as the national anthems for India (Jana Gana Mana) and Bangladesh (Amar Shonar Bangla). He was also the inspiration for the Sri Lankan national anthem.
In response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919), he renounced his knighthood.
Rabindranath Tagore wrote the national anthem of India ‘jana mana gana’
It was originally written in Bengali.
In 1913, Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for his work Gitanjali (Song Offerings). This made him the first Asian to be awarded the Nobel Prize.
Amar Shonar Bangla: This was written by Rabindranath Tagore to protest the Bengal Partition of 1905. Now it is the national anthem of Bengal.
Rabindranath Tagore was born on May 7, 1861, in Calcutta (present day Kolkata) to Debendraanath Tagore and Sarda Devi. He was their 15th child. The Tagore family was very prolific. They were at the forefront of the Bengal Renaissance movement. Following are the members of the family and their contributions:
Rabindranath Tagore never completed formal school or college education. He enrolled in a school in England but later dropped out and preferred self reading of plays by Shakespeare and other prominent writers. He returned to India, and stayed for a few years in his ancestral home in Shelaidaha. Here, he wrote many songs and poems.
In 1901, he moved to Shantiniketan and founded an ashram there. In September 2023, it was designated as the 41st World Heritage Site of India by UNESCO based on Cultural criteria.
In 1910, he wrote Geetanjali and later, in 1912, translated it into English. When he travelled to England, he shared this work with others. It was this famous poem that earned him the Nobel Prize in 1913. For his literary contribution, he was awarded Knighthood in 1915 by the British monarch George V.
Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore had mutual respect for each other. As a mark of respect, Gandhi referred to Tagore as Gurudev. Tagore bestowed the title of ‘Mahatma’ on Gandhi. They both had differing ideas related to education and nationalism.
Rabindranath Tagore | Mahatma Gandhi | |
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Education |
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Nationalism |
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Rabindranath Tagore was a multifaceted person who achieved excellence in the field of literature. His songs and poems inspired the masses during the national struggle for independence. His unique perspective on education and ethics has shaped the curriculum in India and abroad. His contribution to the field of literature is immense and unmatched. His works and transcending ideas continue to inspire youths in India and around the world
List-I (Books) | List-II (Authors) |
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A The First Indian War of Independence | 1. Rabindranath Tagore |
B Anand Math | 2. Sri Aurobindo |
C Life Divine | 3. Bankim Chandra Chatterji |
D Sadhana | 4. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Codes |
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